Cavernoma

Understanding Cavernoma

Cavernomas—also called a cerebral cavernous malformation or cavernous angioma—are abnormal clusters of small, thin-walled blood vessels with a tendency to leak blood. They look like mulberries (since they are darker in color) or raspberries. They can be found in brain, spinal cord and in other parts of the body. They can cause seizures, headaches, or even strokes. Sometimes they can even be discovered incidentally when images are obtained for other purposes.

At Riley Children’s, we diagnose, monitor and treat cavernomas. Symptoms and treatment decisions vary based on the size, location and whether bleeding or seizures have occurred.

Causes

Some cavernomas occur without a known cause (sporadically), while others are linked to inherited genetic changes. At times, cavernomas can occur after radiation therapy.

If you have a family history of cavernomas or multiple lesions, your care team may recommend further evaluation or genetic testing to better understand your risk.

Risk Factors

• Family history of cavernoma or vascular malformations
• Having multiple cavernomas
• Location in sensitive areas such as the brainstem or spinal cord, which may affect symptoms or complications
• Prior radiation therapy

Screening

Routine screening for cavernoma is not common. However, imaging or genetic evaluation may be recommended if you have symptoms or a strong family history

Diagnosis

At Riley Children’s, diagnosing cavernoma begins with advanced imaging and a comprehensive evaluation:

• MRI scans of the brain are the primary tool to identify cavernomas and monitor changes over time. It appears like “popcorn” on these images
• CT scans of the head may be used in urgent situations, such as suspected bleeding
• Evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including neurology, neurosurgery and neurovascular specialists
• Children have access to specialized pediatric neurologists and neurosurgeons experienced in treating cavernoma in children.