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If you have no history of high blood pressure, but it develops after you have been pregnant for at least 20 weeks, you may have gestational hypertension—especially if you have no other underlying symptoms or conditions. This form of hypertension is often confirmed when your blood pressure returns to normal soon after your baby is born.
Some women have more risk for gestational hypertension, including those who:
- Are pregnant for the first time
- Are pregnant with multiple babies
- Are African American
- Are obese
- Are over the age of 40
- Have already had gestational hypertension or preeclampsia or have someone in their family who has had either condition
- Have kidney disease or diabetes
Gestational hypertension may not be a problem unless your blood pressure is severely elevated. The main reason for concern is that gestational hypertension is linked to other health risks. An estimated 25 percent of expectant mothers with gestational hypertension also develop preeclampsia at some point in their pregnancy.
Preeclampsia can have an effect on the health of mother and baby. It can damage a mother’s vital organs, including the placenta, which brings oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. Other health implications from gestational hypertension include premature birth, restricted fetal growth and nourishment, and a higher risk for maternal seizures, stroke, bleeding, induced labor and cesarean delivery.
Diagnosis of Gestational Hypertension
During pregnancy, your physician will monitor your blood pressure. When your upper number (your systolic blood pressure) is over 140 or your lower number (your diastolic blood pressure) is over 90, your blood pressure is elevated. One high reading does not mean that you have gestational hypertension. It’s the pattern of elevation over time and the severity of the reading that cause concern.
Treatments
Treatments
If you develop gestational hypertension, your condition should be carefully managed. Medications may be prescribed to help control your blood pressure. You may also take medications to help your baby’s vital organs develop, which could be important if your pregnancy is induced or you deliver earlier than planned.
Your prenatal visits are scheduled closer together and you may have extra testing, including:
- Ultrasounds to measure the amount of amniotic fluid and flow of blood to the baby
- Tests that monitor your baby’s heart rate and growth
- Urine tests to monitor the presence or loss of protein—which is a possible sign of preeclampsia
- Blood tests to monitor your organ function and clotting—which are possible signs of preeclampsia
Depending on how you and your baby progress, some physicians may recommend that you see a maternal-fetal medicine specialist
who is trained to manage high-risk pregnancies. If your blood pressure
is severely elevated, some physicians may monitor you for a few days in a
hospital.
Very likely, you will be asked to keep a close watch on your blood
pressure and be on alert for symptoms of preeclampsia, which include:
- Nausea or vomiting
- Severe headache
- Swelling of the face and hands
- Bleeding or spotting
- Less activity by your baby
- Rapid weight gain
- Blurred vision
Key Points to Remember
Key Points to Remember
- Pregnant women who develop high blood pressure late in pregnancy have a condition called gestational hypertension.
- Women who have mild cases of gestational hypertension may have little or no complications to their pregnancies.
- In severe cases, gestational hypertension can lead to other serious conditions for mothers and their unborn babies.
- Some women have increased risk factors for gestational hypertension.
- If you develop gestational hypertension, you should have extra prenatal care and monitoring through pregnancy and delivery.
Support Services & Resources
Support Services & Resources
Visit the following websites for reliable information about gestational hypertension.
Riley at IU Health offers a broad range of supportive services to make life better for families who choose us for their children's care.
The answers frequently asked questions about the relationship between preeclampsia and various forms of hypertension, including gestational hypertension.
The Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention publishes a patient-education website that shares information on the relationship between high blood pressure during pregnancy and potential cardiovascular disease later in life.