Pneumonia

In children preschool age or younger, viruses are the most common cause of pneumonia. Common viral causes include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus and influenza. Bacteria (like Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus) or atypical organisms (like Mycoplasma pneumoniae) may also cause the infection, especially in older children.

These viral infections usually are not as serious in most adults. However, they can cause pneumonia in children because children do not have fully formed immune systems and have smaller airways. Children with immunodeficiencies, asthma, chronic lung diseases, neuromuscular conditions or other chronic diseases may be more likely to get pneumonia. Children who have not received vaccinations or who are exposed to secondhand smoke also have an increased risk for pneumonia. 

Pneumonia symptoms typically begin like a common cold and include a runny nose and coughing. Symptoms may then get worse and include a high fever, fast breathing or difficulty breathing. Other symptoms may include fussiness, loss of appetite, chest or abdominal pain and vomiting.

Diagnosis of Pneumonia

Riley at IU Health doctors can use simple tests to determine if your child has pneumonia. These include:

• Medical history. During a medical history exam, the doctor will ask you many questions about your child’s health. The doctor may ask what your child’s symptoms are, when the symptoms began and about your child’s previous medical history.
• Physical exam. The doctor will take your child's temperature, examine his or her ears, nose, and throat and listen to the lungs as part of an exam to diagnose pneumonia. Your child may only need a physical exam and medical history for an accurate diagnosis.
• Chest X-ray. In some cases, a doctor may have your child undergo a chest X-ray to reveal blockages in the lungs. Depending on how the blockages appear, doctors may be able to determine if the pneumonia is caused by bacteria or viruses.
• Blood test. Sometimes a blood test can also reveal if bacteria is present in the blood, helping doctors diagnose the cause behind the pneumonia and provide more accurate treatment.